Java fern

1. **Water Conditions**: Java fern adapts to a wide range of water conditions. However, it generally thrives in soft to slightly hard water with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Maintain a water temperature between 20°C and 28°C.

2. **Lighting**: Java fern prefers moderate to low lighting. It can even grow in the shade. Avoid intense lighting which could cause burns on the leaves.

3. **Substrate**: The Java fern does not need to be planted in the substrate. You can attach it to wooden or stone decorations using fishing line or aquarium glue.

4. **Fertilization**: The Java fern is not very demanding in nutrients and can draw on aquarium water to feed itself. However, if you want to encourage faster growth, you can use a liquid aquatic plant fertilizer at regular intervals.

5. **Propagation**: Java fern can be propagated by dividing the rhizomes. When the plant becomes too large, carefully remove it from the aquarium and separate the rhizomes into sections. Replant these sections in the aquarium.

6. **Maintenance**: Remove dead or damaged leaves regularly to encourage new growth. Java fern is a hardy plant that requires little maintenance once established in the aquarium.

7. **Watch for Pests and Diseases**: Although Java fern is generally resistant to pests and diseases, watch for signs of deterioration or infestation. Address any problems promptly to prevent their spread.

By following these simple tips, you should be able to successfully maintain Java fern in your aquarium, adding a beautiful touch of greenery and interesting structure to your aquatic ecosystem.